| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Compromise of Nobles ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Compromise of Nobles
The Compromise〔The word "compromise" appears to be an overly-literal translation of the French word ''compromis'' by the 19th-century English-language historians who introduced the concept into anglophone historiography. A better translation might have been used, like "covenant." However, the phrase "Compromise of nobles" gained currency and has by now achieved the status of a proper name in English. For that reason many modern historians of the Dutch Revolt use the term, like Jonathan Israel, Martin van Gelderen and H. G. Koenigsberger. For that reason the term is retained here.〕 of Nobles ((オランダ語: Eedverbond der Edelen); (フランス語: Compromis des Nobles)) was a covenant of members of the lesser nobility in the Habsburg Netherlands who came together to submit a petition to the Regent Margaret of Parma on 5 April 1566, with the objective of obtaining a moderation of the ''placards'' against heresy in the Netherlands. This petition played a crucial role in the events leading up to the Dutch Revolt and the Eighty Years' War.
== Background ==
The ruler of the Habsburg Netherlands, a conglomerate of duchies and counties and lesser fiefs, was Philip II of Spain. He had appointed his half-sister Margaret of Parma as his Regent. She ruled with the assistance of a Council of State which included a number of the high nobility of the country, like the Prince of Orange, Egmont, Horne, Aerschot and Noircarmes. From time to time (whenever she needed money) she convened the States-General of the Netherlands in which the several estates of the provinces were represented, such as the lesser nobility and the cities, but most of the time the States-General was not in session and the Regent ruled alone, together with her Council.
Like his father Charles V, Philip was very much opposed to the Protestant teachings of Martin Luther, John Calvin and the Anabaptists, which had gained many adherents in the Netherlands by the early 1560s. To suppress Protestantism he had promulgated extraordinary ordinances, called ''placards'', that outlawed them and made them capital offenses. Because of their severity these ''placards'' caused growing opposition among the population, both Catholic and Protestant. Opposition, even among Catholics, was generated because the ''placards'' were seen as breaches of the constitutional privileges of the local authorities and the civil liberties of the people, like the ''Jus de non evocando'', as enshrined in the "Joyous Entry", the constitution of the Duchy of Brabant, to mention a prominent example. For that reason local authorities regularly protested against the ''placards'' and the way they were implemented in 1564 and later years. That these protests were systematically ignored and the ''placards'' stringently enforced only helped intensify the opposition.〔Van Gelderen, pp. 111–115.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Compromise of Nobles」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|